List of papers related to formamide in prebiotic chemistry published by us and others:

1.            Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Costanzo, G.; Negri, R.; Di Mauro, E. A possible prebiotic synthesis of purine, adenine, cytosine, and 4(3H)-pyrimidinone from formamide: Implications for the origin of life. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry2001,9(5), 1249-1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00340-0

2.            Saladino, R.; Ciambecchini, U.; Crestini, C.; Costanzo, G.; Negri, R.; Di Mauro, E. One-pot TiO2-catalyzed synthesis of nucleic bases and acyclonucleosides from formamide: Implications for the origin of life. Chembiochem2003,4(6), 514-521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.200300567

3.            Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Ciambecchini, U.; Ciciriello, F.; Costanzo, G.; Di Mauro, E. Synthesis and degradation of nucleobases and nucleic acids by formamide in the presence of montmorillonites. Chembiochem2004,5(11), 1558-1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.200400119

4.            Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Ciciriello, F.; Costanzo, G.; Negri, R.; Di Mauro, E. A novel synthesis of biomolecular precursors. In Astrobiology: Future Perspectives, Ehrenfreund, P.; Irvine, W.; Owen, T.; Becker, L.; Blank, J.; Brucato, J.; Colangeli, L.; Derenne, S.; Dutrey, A.; Despois, D.; Lazcano, A.; Robert, F., Eds. 2004; Vol. 305, pp 393-413.

5.            Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Busiello, V.; Ciciriello, F.; Costanzo, G.; Di Mauro, E. Differential stability of 3 '- and 5 '-phosphoester bonds in deoxy monomers and oligomers. Journal of Biological Chemistry2005,280(42), 35658-35669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M504537200

6.            Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Neri, V.; Brucato, J. R.; Colangeli, L.; Ciciriello, F.; Di Mauro, E.; Costanzo, G. Synthesis and degradation of nucleic acid components by formamide and cosmic dust analogues. Chembiochem2005,6(8), 1368-1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.200500035

7.            Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Ciciriello, F.; Costanzo, G.; Di Mauro, E. About a formamide-based origin of informational polymers: Syntheses of nucleobases and favourable thermodynamic niches for early polymers. Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere2006,36(5-6), 523-531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11084-006-9053-2

8.            Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Ciciriello, F.; Di Mauro, E.; Costanzo, G. Origin of informational polymers - Differential stability of phosphoester bonds in ribomonomers and ribooligomers. Journal of Biological Chemistry2006,281(9), 5790-5796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M512545200

9.            Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Neri, V.; Ciciriello, F.; Costanzo, G.; Mauro, E. Origin of informational polymers: The concurrent roles of formamide and phosphates. Chembiochem2006,7(11), 1707-1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.200600139

10.         Ciciriello, F.; Costanzo, G.; Crestini, C.; Saladino, R.; Di Mauro, E. Origin of informational polymers and the search for non-terran life: Protection of the polymeric state of DNA by phosphate minerals. Astrobiology2007,7(4), 616-630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2006.0044

11.         Costanzo, G.; Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Ciciriello, F.; Di Mauro, E. Nucleoside phosphorylation by phosphate minerals. Journal of Biological Chemistry2007,282(23), 16729-16735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M611346200

12.         Costanzo, G.; Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Ciciriello, F.; Di Mauro, E. Formamide as the main building block in the origin of nucleic acids. Bmc Evolutionary Biology2007,7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-7-s2-s1

13.         Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Ciciriello, F.; Costanzo, G.; Di Mauro, E. Formamide chemistry and the origin of informational polymers. Chemistry & Biodiversity2007,4(4), 694-720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200790059

14.         Ciciriello, F.; Costanzo, G.; Pino, S.; Crestini, C.; Saladino, R.; Di Mauro, E. Molecular complexity favors the evolution of ribopolymers. Biochemistry2008,47(9), 2732-2742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi7021014

15.         Saladino, R.; Neri, V.; Crestini, C.; Costanzo, G.; Graciotti, M.; Di Mauro, E. Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleic Acid Components by Formamide and Iron Sulfur Minerals. Journal of the American Chemical Society2008,130(46), 15512-15518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja804782e

16.         Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Ciciriello, F.; Pino, S.; Costanzo, G.; Di Mauro, E. From formamide to RNA: the roles of formamide and water in the evolution of chemical information. Research in Microbiology2009,160(7), 441-448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resmic.2009.06.001

17.         Barks, H. L.; Buckley, R.; Grieves, G. A.; Di Mauro, E.; Hud, N. V.; Orlando, T. M. Guanine, Adenine, and Hypoxanthine Production in UV-Irradiated Formamide Solutions: Relaxation of the Requirements for Prebiotic Purine Nucleobase Formation. Chembiochem2010,11(9), 1240-1243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201000074

18.         Saladino, R.; Neri, V.; Crestini, C.; Costanzo, G.; Graciotti, M.; Di Mauro, E. The Role of the Formamide/Zirconia System in the Synthesis of Nucleobases and Biogenic Carboxylic Acid Derivatives. Journal of Molecular Evolution2010,71(2), 100-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-010-9366-7

19.         Costanzo, G.; Pino, S.; Botta, G.; Saladino, R.; Di Mauro, E. May Cyclic Nucleotides Be a Source for Abiotic RNA Synthesis? Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres2011,41(6), 559-562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11084-011-9249-y

20.         Nguyen, V. S.; Abbott, H. L.; Dawley, M. M.; Orlando, T. M.; Leszczynski, J.; Minh, T. N. Theoretical Study of Formamide Decomposition Pathways. Journal of Physical Chemistry A2011,115(5), 841-851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp109143j

21.         Saladino, R.; Barontini, M.; Cossetti, C.; Di Mauro, E.; Crestini, C. The Effects of Borate Minerals on the Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Bases, Amino Acids and Biogenic Carboxylic Acids from Formamide. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres2011,41(4), 317-330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11084-011-9236-3

22.         Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Cossetti, C.; Di Mauro, E.; Deamer, D. Catalytic effects of Murchison Material: Prebiotic Synthesis and Degradation of RNA Precursors. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres2011,41(5), 437-451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11084-011-9239-0

23.         Costanzo, G.; Saladino, R.; Botta, G.; Giorgi, A.; Scipioni, A.; Pino, S.; Di Mauro, E. Generation of RNA Molecules by a Base-Catalysed Click-Like Reaction. Chembiochem2012,13(7), 999-1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.201200068

24.         De Angelis, F.; Crucianelli, M. Are purely chemically-sustained processes able to generate molecules for life? Physics of Life Reviews2012,9(1), 118-120. http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2011.12.008

25.         Ferus, M.; Civis, S.; Mladek, A.; Sponer, J.; Juha, L.; Sponer, J. E. On the Road from Formamide Ices to Nucleobases: IR-Spectroscopic Observation of a Direct Reaction between Cyano Radicals and Formamide in a High-Energy Impact Event. Journal of the American Chemical Society2012,134(51), 20788-20796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja310421z

26.         Hudson, J. S.; Eberle, J. F.; Vachhani, R. H.; Rogers, L. C.; Wade, J. H.; Krishnamurthy, R.; Springsteen, G. A Unified Mechanism for Abiotic Adenine and Purine Synthesis in Formamide. Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.2012,51(21), 5134-5137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201108907

27.         Kaempfer, R. Kick-starting the origin of life. Physics of Life Reviews2012,9(1), 111-113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2011.12.014

28.         Lane, N. Thermodynamics, formamide, and the origin of life. Physics of Life Reviews2012,9(1), 105-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2012.01.005

29.         Leyton, P. The role of minerals on prebiotic synthesis. Physics of Life Reviews2012,9(1), 116-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2011.12.009

30.         Nielsen, P. E. Formamide in the cradle of life? Physics of Life Reviews2012,9(1), 107-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2012.01.004

31.         Saladino, R.; Botta, G.; Pino, S.; Costanzo, G.; Di Mauro, E. From the one-carbon amide formamide to RNA all the steps are prebiotically possible. Biochimie2012,94(7), 1451-1456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biochi.2012.02.018

32.         Saladino, R.; Botta, G.; Pino, S.; Costanzo, G.; Di Mauro, E. Genetics first or metabolism first? The formamide clue. Chemical Society Reviews2012,41(16), 5526-5565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cs35066a

33.         Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Pino, S.; Costanzo, G.; Di Mauro, E. Formamide and the origin of life. Physics of Life Reviews2012,9(1), 84-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2011.12.002

34.         Saladino, R.; Crestini, C.; Pino, S.; Costanzo, G.; Di Mauro, E. Reply to comments Formamide in non-life/life transition. Physics of Life Reviews2012,9(1), 121-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2012.01.006

35.         Pino, S.; Costanzo, G.; Giorgi, A.; Sponer, J.; Sponer, J. E.; Di Mauro, E. Ribozyme Activity of RNA Nonenzymatically Polymerized from 3 ',5 '-Cyclic GMP. Entropy2013,15(12), 5362-5383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e15125362

36.         Saladino, R.; Botta, G.; Delfino, M.; Di Mauro, E. Meteorites as Catalysts for Prebiotic Chemistry. Chemistry-a European Journal2013,19(50), 16916-16922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201303690

37.         Saladino, R.; Botta, G.; Pino, S.; Costanzo, G.; Di Mauro, E. Materials for the onset. A story of necessity and chance. Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark2013,18, 1276-1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/4179

38.         Wang, J.; Gu, J. D.; Nguyen, M. T.; Springsteen, G.; Leszczynski, J. From Formamide to Adenine: A Self-Catalytic Mechanism for an Abiotic Approach. Journal of Physical Chemistry B2013,117(45), 14039-14045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp409296k

39.         Wang, J.; Gu, J. D.; Nguyen, M. T.; Springsteen, G.; Leszczynski, J. From Formamide to Purine: A Self-Catalyzed Reaction Pathway Provides a Feasible Mechanism for the Entire Process. Journal of Physical Chemistry B2013,117(32), 9333-9342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp404540x

40.         Wang, J.; Gu, J. D.; Nguyen, M. T.; Springsteen, G.; Leszczynski, J. From Formamide to Purine: An Energetically Viable Mechanistic Reaction Pathway. Journal of Physical Chemistry B2013,117(8), 2314-2320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp311423q

41.         Civis, S.; Ferus, M.; Sponer, J. E.; Sponer, J.; Kavan, L.; Zukalova, M. Room temperature spontaneous conversion of OCS to CO2 on the anatase TiO2 surface. Chemical Communications2014,50(57), 7712-7715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc01992j

42.         Di Mauro, E.; Saladino, R.; Trifonov, E. N. The path to life's origins. Remaining hurdles. Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics2014,32(4), 512-522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2013.783509

43.         Ferus, M.; Michalcikova, R.; Shestivska, V.; Sponer, J.; Sponer, J. E.; Civis, S. High-Energy Chemistry of Formamide: A Simpler Way for Nucleobase Formation. Journal of Physical Chemistry A2014,118(4), 719-736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp411415p

44.         Kumar, A.; Sharma, R.; Kamaluddin. Formamide-Based Synthesis of Nucleobases by Metal(II) Octacyanomolybdate(IV): Implication in Prebiotic Chemistry. Astrobiology2014,14(9), 769-779. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1187

45.         Saitta, A. M.; Saija, F. Miller experiments in atomistic computer simulations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2014,111(38), 13768-13773. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1402894111

46.         Carota, E.; Botta, G.; Rotelli, L.; Di Mauro, E.; Saladino, R. Current Advances in Prebiotic Chemistry Under Space Conditions. Current Organic Chemistry2015,19(20), 1963-1979. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272819666150622175143

47.         Ferus, M.; Knizek, A.; Sponer, J.; Sponer, J. E.; Civis, S. Radical synthesis of nucleic acid bases from formamide in impact plasma. Chemicke Listy2015,109(6), 406-414.

48.         Ferus, M.; Nesvorny, D.; Sponer, J.; Kubelik, P.; Michalcikova, R.; Shestivska, V.; Sponer, J. E.; Civis, S. High-energy chemistry of formamide: A unified mechanism of nucleobase formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015,112(3), 657-662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1412072111

49.         Furukawa, Y.; Kim, H. J.; Hutter, D.; Benner, S. A. Abiotic Regioselective Phosphorylation of Adenosine with Borate in Formamide. Astrobiology2015,15(4), 259-267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1209

50.         Pietrucci, F.; Saitta, A. M. Formamide reaction network in gas phase and solution via a unified theoretical approach: Toward a reconciliation of different prebiotic scenarios. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences2015,112(49), 15030-15035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512486112

51.         Saitta, A. M.; Saija, F.; Pietrucci, F.; Guyot, F. Reply to Bada and Cleaves: Ab initio free-energy landscape of Miller-like prebiotic reactions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015,112(4), E343-E344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421035112

52.         Saladino, R.; Carota, E.; Botta, G.; Kapralov, M.; Timoshenko, G. N.; Rozanov, A. Y.; Krasavin, E.; Di Mauro, E. Meteorite-catalyzed syntheses of nucleosides and of other prebiotic compounds from formamide under proton irradiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015,112(21), E2746-E2755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422225112

53.         Sponer, J. E.; Sponer, J.; Giorgi, A.; Di Mauro, E.; Pino, S.; Costanzo, G. Untemplated Nonenzymatic Polymerization of 3 ',5 ' cGMP: A Plausible Route to 3 ',5 '-Linked Oligonucleotides in Primordia. Journal of Physical Chemistry B2015,119(7), 2979-2989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00601

54.         Stadlbauer, P.; Sponer, J.; Costanzo, G.; Di Mauro, E.; Pino, S.; Sponer, J. E. Tetraloop-like Geometries Could Form the Basis of the Catalytic Activity of the Most Ancient Ribooligonucleotides. Chemistry-a European Journal2015,21(9), 3596-3604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201406140

55.         Civis, S.; Szabla, R.; Szyja, B. M.; Smykowski, D.; Ivanek, O.; Knizek, A.; Kubelik, P.; Sponer, J.; Ferus, M.; Sponer, J. E. TiO2-catalyzed synthesis of sugars from formaldehyde in extraterrestrial impacts on the early Earth. Scientific Reports2016,6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep23199

56.         Costanzo, G.; Pino, S.; Timperio, A. M.; Sponer, J. E.; Sponer, J.; Novakova, O.; Sedo, O.; Zdrahal, Z.; Di Mauro, E. Non-Enzymatic Oligomerization of 3 ', 5 ' Cyclic AMP. Plos One2016,11(11). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165723

57.         Fiore, M.; Strazewski, P. Bringing Prebiotic Nucleosides and Nucleotides Down to Earth. Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.2016,55(45), 13930-13933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201606232

58.         Niether, D.; Afanasenkau, D.; Dhont, J. K. G.; Wiegand, S. Accumulation of formamide in hydrothermal pores to form prebiotic nucleobases. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016,113(16), 4272-4277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600275113

59.         Rotelli, L.; Trigo-Rodriguez, J. M.; Moyano-Cambero, C. E.; Carota, E.; Botta, L.; Di Mauro, E.; Saladino, R. The key role of meteorites in the formation of relevant prebiotic molecules in a formamide/water environment. Scientific Reports2016,6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep38888

60.         Saladino, R.; Botta, G.; Bizzarri, B. M.; Di Mauro, E.; Ruiz, J. M. G. A Global Scale Scenario for Prebiotic Chemistry: Silica-Based Self-Assembled Mineral Structures and Formamide. Biochemistry2016,55(19), 2806-2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00255

61.         Saladino, R.; Carota, E.; Botta, G.; Kapralov, M.; Timoshenko, G. N.; Rozanov, A.; Krasavin, E.; Di Mauro, E. First Evidence on the Role of Heavy Ion Irradiation of Meteorites and Formamide in the Origin of Biomolecules. Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres2016,46(4), 515-521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11084-016-9495-0

62.         Sponer, J. E.; Sponer, J.; Di Mauro, E. Four Ways to Oligonucleotides Without Phosphoimidazolides. Journal of Molecular Evolution2016,82(1), 5-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-015-9709-5

63.         Sponer, J. E.; Sponer, J.; Novakova, O.; Brabec, V.; Sedo, O.; Zdrahal, Z.; Costanzo, G.; Pino, S.; Saladino, R.; Di Mauro, E. Emergence of the First Catalytic Oligonucleotides in a Formamide-Based Origin Scenario. Chemistry-a European Journal2016,22(11), 3572-3586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.201503906

64.         Sponer, J. E.; Szabla, R.; Gora, R. W.; Saitta, A. M.; Pietrucci, F.; Saija, F.; Di Mauro, E.; Saladino, R.; Ferus, M.; Civis, S.; Sponer, J. Prebiotic synthesis of nucleic acids and their building blocks at the atomic level - merging models and mechanisms from advanced computations and experiments. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics2016,18(30), 20047-20066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00670a

65.         Cassone, G.; Sponer, J.; Saija, F.; Di Mauro, E.; Saitta, A. M.; Sponer, J. E. Stability of 2 ',3 ' and 3 ',5 ' cyclic nucleotides in formamide and in water: a theoretical insight into the factors controlling the accumulation of nucleic acid building blocks in a prebiotic pool. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics2017,19(3), 1817-1825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp07993h

66.         Ferus, M.; Pietrucci, F.; Saitta, A. M.; Knizek, A.; Kubelik, P.; Ivanek, O.; Shestivska, V.; Civis, S. Formation of nucleobases in a Miller-Urey reducing atmosphere. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2017,114(17), 4306-4311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700010114

67.         Sponer, J. E.; Sponer, J.; Di Mauro, E. New evolutionary insights into the non-enzymatic origin of RNA oligomers. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Rna2017,8(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wrna.1400